Which of the following is a common method for sterilizing instruments?

Autoclaving is a widely accepted and effective method for sterilizing instruments, particularly in medical and laboratory settings. It utilizes steam under pressure to achieve a temperature that kills vegetative bacteria, spores, and viruses, ensuring that all microbial life is eliminated from the instruments being sterilized. This method is reliable and can penetrate fabric and other materials, making it suitable for a variety of surgical and medical instruments. The typical conditions used in autoclaving involve temperatures of around 121 degrees Celsius (250 degrees Fahrenheit) for a set amount of time, usually around 15 to 30 minutes, depending on the items being sterilized.

While chemical soaking, UV light exposure, and boiling water can be effective at disinfecting or reducing microbial load, they do not guarantee complete sterility in the way that autoclaving does. Chemical soaking can leave residues and may not penetrate all surfaces effectively. UV light exposure requires careful application and monitoring to ensure effectiveness, as it can miss shaded areas. Boiling water is useful for disinfecting but does not achieve the necessary temperature and pressure to kill all spores, particularly those that are heat-resistant. Therefore, autoclaving stands out as the most comprehensive and widely recognized method for achieving true sterilization in clinical settings.